Masonry, also known as mason work, is a specialized construction trade centered around assembling structures from components crafted from materials like brick or stone. Masons, skilled artisans in the field of masonry, meticulously join these components together using a binding agent such as mortar. Mortar, a blend of cement, lime, sand, and water, hardens as it dries, enhancing the cohesion and stability of the structure. Due to its requirement for precise placement of individual components, masonry remains a highly skilled profession that is resistant to mechanization.

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Masonry encompasses various forms, each defined by the materials and construction techniques employed. Here are some of the most prevalent types:

1. **Brick Masonry:**
– **Sun-dried Bricks:** Clay slabs dried in the sun, often used in temporary structures.
– **Burnt Clay Bricks:** Fired in kilns, categorized into classes based on finish smoothness.
– **Fly Ash Bricks:** Economical alternatives to cement blocks, suitable for foundations and walls.
– **Concrete Bricks:** Versatile material used in facades, barriers, and retaining walls.
– **Sand-lime Bricks:** Known for strength and precise edges, ideal for load-bearing structures.

2. **Stone Masonry:**
– **Ashlar:** Stone cut to precise dimensions, commonly seen in classical architecture.
– **Fixer:** Installing stones using materials like cement, epoxy resin, grouts, mortars, and dowels.
– **Memorial:** Crafting headstones and engraving inscriptions.
– **Rubble:** Using rough stones set in mortar, including dry rubble masonry without mortar.
– **Slipform:** Creating forms for stone and concrete placement in building structures.

3. **Concrete Block Masonry:**
– Uses large concrete blocks for industrial buildings, offering advantages in size, construction speed, and stability when filled with concrete.

4. **Gabion Masonry:**
– Large wire baskets or cages filled with materials, typically stones, used for slope stabilization and erosion control.

Each type of masonry offers unique characteristics and applications, catering to diverse construction needs and architectural styles.

In the construction industry, many masonry positions typically require candidates to have at least a high school diploma or equivalent, along with two to three years of practical experience. Alternatively, aspiring masons can pursue masonry courses accredited by the National Skills Qualifications Framework (NSQF). These courses offer certifications ranging from helper mason (level 1) to mason general (level 4), providing structured training and recognized qualifications in the field of masonry.